{"id":332142,"date":"2025-07-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/nezarazene\/robert-tomsik-narcisticke-zneuzivani-casto-vytvari-psychologickou-vazbu-ktera-je-velice-silna-prestoze-navenek-muze-pusobit-nelogicky\/"},"modified":"2025-07-22T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-21T22:00:00","slug":"robert-tomsik-narcisticke-zneuzivani-casto-vytvari-psychologickou-vazbu-ktera-je-velice-silna-prestoze-navenek-muze-pusobit-nelogicky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/rozhovor\/robert-tomsik-narcisticke-zneuzivani-casto-vytvari-psychologickou-vazbu-ktera-je-velice-silna-prestoze-navenek-muze-pusobit-nelogicky\/","title":{"rendered":"Robert Tom\u0161ik: \u201eNarcistick\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed psychologickou vazbu, kter\u00e1 je velice siln\u00e1, p\u0159esto\u017ee navenek m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit nelogicky.\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>M\u016f\u017eete vysv\u011btlit, jak u \u010dlov\u011bka poznat, zda se jedn&aacute; pouze o osobu s&nbsp;narcistn&iacute;mi rysy a kdy u\u017e jde o poruchu osobnosti? Jsou n\u011bjak&eacute; hranice, pravidla pro stanoven&iacute; diagn&oacute;zy?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rozd&iacute;l mezi narcistn&iacute;mi rysy a narcistickou poruchou osobnosti spo\u010d&iacute;v&aacute; zejm&eacute;na v&nbsp;jejich m&iacute;\u0159e, trvalosti a d\u016fsledc&iacute;ch. Mnoho lid&iacute; m\u016f\u017ee vykazovat narcistick&eacute; znaky, nap\u0159&iacute;klad pot\u0159ebu obdivu, zv&yacute;&scaron;enou citlivost na kritiku nebo p\u0159ehnanou sebed\u016fv\u011bru, pokud se v&scaron;ak vyskytuj&iacute; situa\u010dn\u011b nebo ojedin\u011ble, nejedn&aacute; se o poruchu. K diagn&oacute;ze se p\u0159istupuje teprve tehdy, kdy\u017e tyto projevy dlouhodob\u011b naru&scaron;uj&iacute; vztahy, fungov&aacute;n&iacute; v&nbsp;pr&aacute;ci a celkovou stabilitu identity. Diagn&oacute;zu narcistick&eacute; poruchy osobnosti (nap\u0159&iacute;klad dle DSM-5 \u010di ICD-11), lze stanovit v p\u0159&iacute;pad\u011b, kdy jednotlivec stabiln\u011b a pervazivn\u011b vykazuje nejm&eacute;n\u011b p\u011bt z n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute;ch dev&iacute;ti znak\u016f: (1) velkolep&eacute; p\u0159edstavy o sob\u011b; (2) p\u0159ehnan&eacute; fantazie o &uacute;sp\u011bchu, s&iacute;le nebo dokonalosti; (3) p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den&iacute; o vlastn&iacute; v&yacute;jime\u010dnosti; (4) pot\u0159eba nadm\u011brn&eacute;ho obdivu; (5) pocit opr&aacute;vn\u011bnosti; (6) interperson&aacute;ln&iacute; exploata\u010dn&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;; (7) deficit empatie; (8) z&aacute;vistivost nebo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den&iacute;, \u017ee jin&iacute; z&aacute;vid&iacute; jemu; (9) arogantn&iacute;, pov&yacute;&scaron;eneck&eacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; nebo postoje. Zohled\u0148uje se tedy nejen chov&aacute;n&iacute;, ale i vnit\u0159n&iacute; pro\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Je t\u0159eba rovn\u011b\u017e dodat, \u017ee to, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk nem&aacute; stanovenou diagn&oacute;zu, neznamen&aacute;, \u017ee jeho chov&aacute;n&iacute; nem\u016f\u017ee b&yacute;t &scaron;kodliv&eacute;. Pokud jsou narcistn&iacute; rysy zjevn&eacute;, opakuj&iacute;c&iacute; se a pom\u011brn\u011b stabiln&iacute;, mohou v&yacute;razn\u011b ovlivnit pracovn&iacute; prost\u0159ed&iacute;, rodinn&eacute; vztahy i du&scaron;evn&iacute; zdrav&iacute; lid&iacute; v jeho okol&iacute;, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee nespl\u0148uj&iacute; krit&eacute;ria form&aacute;ln&iacute; diagn&oacute;zy anebo k&nbsp;n&iacute; z&nbsp;n\u011bjak&yacute;ch d\u016fvod\u016f nedo&scaron;lo.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Na vznik narcismu m&aacute; vliv n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f a tak&eacute; jejich souhra. Jsou to d\u011bdi\u010dn&eacute; p\u0159edpoklady, rodi\u010dovsk&aacute; v&yacute;chova, r\u016fzn&aacute; traumata a tak&eacute; sociokulturn&iacute; p\u016fsoben&iacute;. M\u016f\u017eete uv&eacute;st konkr&eacute;tn&iacute; p\u0159&iacute;klady? Co v&scaron;echno m\u016f\u017ee vyprofilovat narcistu?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Narcismus vznik&aacute; jako v&yacute;sledek kombinace biologick&yacute;ch a psychologick&yacute;ch faktor\u016f. D\u011bdi\u010dnost m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit temperament, citlivost nervov&eacute;ho syst&eacute;mu nebo zp\u016fsob regulace emoc&iacute;. Rodi\u010dovsk&aacute; v&yacute;chova hraje kl&iacute;\u010dovou roli, nap\u0159&iacute;klad d&iacute;t\u011b, kter&eacute; za\u017e&iacute;v&aacute; st\u0159&iacute;d&aacute;n&iacute; idealizace a odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute;, se m\u016f\u017ee nau\u010dit skr&yacute;vat zranitelnost za masku sob\u011bsta\u010dnosti. Traumatick&eacute; zku&scaron;enosti, jako emo\u010dn&iacute; zanedb&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, chronick&aacute; kritika nebo rodi\u010dovsk&aacute; manipulace, mohou v&eacute;st k&nbsp;rozvoji kompenza\u010dn&iacute;ch vzorc\u016f chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kdy jedinec potla\u010duje pocit bezcennosti navenek projevovanou grandiozitou, kontrolou nebo pot\u0159ebou obdivu. D\u016fle\u017eit&yacute; je i kulturn&iacute; kontext: pokud spole\u010dnost systematicky podporuje sout\u011b\u017eivost, perfekcionismus a hodnotu \u010dlov\u011bka spojuje s v&yacute;konem nebo image, vytv&aacute;\u0159&iacute; tak prost\u0159ed&iacute;, kde jsou narcistick&eacute; vzorce nejen tolerov&aacute;ny, ale \u010dasto i odm\u011b\u0148ov&aacute;ny. Narcismus tak m\u016f\u017ee b&yacute;t v&yacute;sledkem snahy o p\u0159e\u017eit&iacute; v&nbsp;neempatick&eacute;m a hodnotov\u011b dezorientovan&eacute;m prost\u0159ed&iacute;.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Nejnov\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; v&yacute;zkumy ukazuj&iacute;, \u017ee v&yacute;razn&eacute; narcistick&eacute; sklony se dnes vyskytuj&iacute; a\u017e u 20 % b\u011b\u017en&eacute; populace. Jak moc toto \u010d&iacute;slo v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu let roste?&nbsp; A d&aacute; se s&nbsp;t&iacute;m n\u011bjak pracovat, nebo je st&aacute;l&yacute; n&aacute;r\u016fst nevyhnutelnou sou\u010d&aacute;st&iacute; v&yacute;voje ve spole\u010dnosti?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V&yacute;razn&eacute; narcistn&iacute; rysy se podle v&iacute;ce v&yacute;zkum\u016f vyskytuj&iacute; u 15-20% populace, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e u mlad&scaron;&iacute;ch generac&iacute; b&yacute;vaj&iacute; zaznamen&aacute;ny vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; hodnoty. Tento trend nelze vn&iacute;mat pouze jako individu&aacute;ln&iacute; probl&eacute;m, ale je z&aacute;rove\u0148 odrazem kulturn&iacute;ch zm\u011bn, kter&eacute; zv&yacute;raz\u0148uj&iacute; sout\u011b\u017eivost, sebeprezentaci a vn\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; &uacute;sp\u011bch. Dlouhodob&aacute; porovn&aacute;n&iacute;, nap\u0159&iacute;klad studie pou\u017e&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) \u010di Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD), ukazuj&iacute; m&iacute;rn&yacute;, ale konzistentn&iacute; n&aacute;r\u016fst t\u011bchto rys\u016f od 80. let minul&eacute;ho stolet&iacute;. Neznamen&aacute; to automaticky, \u017ee by p\u0159ib&yacute;valo lid&iacute; s poruchou osobnosti (t\u011bch je v populaci p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,5-3 %), ale \u017ee kulturn&iacute; prost\u0159ed&iacute; m\u016f\u017ee podporovat v&yacute;vin narcistick&yacute;ch strategi&iacute; jako\u017eto zp\u016fsobu p\u0159e\u017eit&iacute; a sebeuplatn\u011bn&iacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>S&nbsp;t&iacute;mto v&yacute;vojem v&scaron;ak teoreticky lze pracovat, a to nej&uacute;\u010dinn\u011bji tam, kde se formuje osobnost: v rodin\u011b, ve v&yacute;chov\u011b, v&nbsp;ka\u017edodenn&iacute;ch interakc&iacute;ch. D\u016fle\u017eit&eacute; je, aby d\u011bti za\u017e&iacute;valy nejen ocen\u011bn&iacute;, ale tak&eacute; hranice, odpov\u011bdnost a skute\u010dn&yacute; z&aacute;jem o druh&eacute;. Osobn&iacute; p\u0159&iacute;klad rodi\u010d\u016f a bl&iacute;zk&yacute;ch, nap\u0159&iacute;klad jak zvl&aacute;daj&iacute; frustraci, jak hovo\u0159&iacute; o &uacute;sp\u011bchu, jak se chovaj&iacute; k slab&scaron;&iacute;m, m&aacute; mnohem v\u011bt&scaron;&iacute; vliv ne\u017e abstraktn&iacute; pou\u010dov&aacute;n&iacute;. Kultura vztah\u016f, v&nbsp;n&iacute;\u017e nen&iacute; hodnota \u010dlov\u011bka podm&iacute;n\u011bn&aacute; v&yacute;konem nebo obdivem, p\u0159edstavuje dobr&yacute; z&aacute;klad, na n\u011bm\u017e lze budovat psychickou odolnost i zdrav&eacute; sebehodnocen&iacute; a z&aacute;rove\u0148 p\u0159edch&aacute;zet vzniku rigidn&iacute;ch, narcistick&yacute;ch vzorc\u016f chov&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 340px; float: left; margin-right: 10px; margin-left: 10px;\" src=\"\/content\/images\/uploaded\/Robert-Tomsik.jpg\" width=\"NaN\" height=\"auto\" alt=\"\" title=\"\">M&aacute;te n\u011bkolikaletou praxi jako odborn&yacute; konzultant. Kolik klient\u016f v&aacute;m za tu dobu pro&scaron;lo poradnou? Obracej&iacute; se na terapeuty p\u0159edev&scaron;&iacute;m ob\u011bti, nebo vyhled&aacute; pomoc n\u011bkdy i narcistick&yacute; jedinec nebo oba partne\u0159i? A jak&yacute; je pom\u011br mezi \u017eenami a mu\u017ei, kte\u0159&iacute; trp&iacute; narcistickou poruchou osobnosti?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V&nbsp;dob\u011b, kdy jsem se aktivn\u011b v\u011bnoval konzultac&iacute;m v oblasti vztahov&eacute; dynamiky a vlivu narcismu na mezilidsk&eacute; fungov&aacute;n&iacute;, jsem m\u011bl mo\u017enost pracovat se stovkami p\u0159&iacute;pad\u016f, a to i ve spolupr&aacute;ci s terapeutick&yacute;mi t&yacute;my. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se na m\u011b obraceli lid&eacute;, kte\u0159&iacute; m\u011bli podez\u0159en&iacute;, \u017ee za\u017e&iacute;vaj&iacute; toxickou dynamiku, a\u0165 ji\u017e v&nbsp;partnersk&eacute;m, rodinn&eacute;m nebo pracovn&iacute;m prost\u0159ed&iacute;. Ve v\u011bt&scaron;in\u011b p\u0159&iacute;pad\u016f se jednalo o ob\u011bti nebo osoby v&aacute;\u017en\u011b zasa\u017een&eacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;m narcistick&eacute; osoby. St&aacute;valo se v&scaron;ak i to, \u017ee pomoc vyhledali oba partne\u0159i spole\u010dn\u011b, nebo dokonce jednotlivec, kter&yacute; s&aacute;m reflektoval, \u017ee jeho chov&aacute;n&iacute; m\u016f\u017ee b&yacute;t pro okol&iacute; destruktivn&iacute;. Takov&eacute; p\u0159&iacute;pady v&scaron;ak byly raritn&iacute;, co\u017e do zna\u010dn&eacute; m&iacute;ry vypl&yacute;v&aacute; z povahy samotn&eacute; poruchy a zejm&eacute;na z nedostate\u010dn&eacute; schopnosti sebereflexe a obvykl&eacute; tendence p\u0159esouvat odpov\u011bdnost na jin&eacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Co se t&yacute;\u010de pom\u011bru mezi \u017eenami a mu\u017ei, praxe i v&yacute;zkumn&aacute; data nazna\u010duj&iacute;, \u017ee mu\u017ei b&yacute;vaj&iacute; s narcistickou poruchou osobnosti diagnostikov&aacute;ni \u010dast\u011bji, konkr&eacute;tn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60-70 % osob s touto diagn&oacute;zou p\u0159edstavuj&iacute; mu\u017ei. Tento nepom\u011br v&scaron;ak neznamen&aacute;, \u017ee by \u017eeny narcistn&iacute; rysy nem\u011bly, sp&iacute;&scaron;e se \u010dasto projevuj&iacute; jinak. Zat&iacute;mco narcismus u mu\u017e\u016f b&yacute;v&aacute; \u010dast\u011bji despoti\u010dt\u011bj&scaron;&iacute;, grandi&oacute;zn\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; a mocensky orientovan&yacute;, u \u017een m\u016f\u017ee nab&yacute;vat zraniteln\u011bj&scaron;&iacute;ch, vztahov\u011b manipulativn&iacute;ch nebo takzvan&yacute;ch skryt&yacute;ch forem.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Setkal jste se v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu sv&eacute; praxe s&nbsp;\u010dlov\u011bkem, kter&yacute; by se z&nbsp;narcistick&eacute; poruchy osobnosti vyl&eacute;\u010dil? Je to v\u016fbec mo\u017en&eacute;?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ne, s&nbsp;\u010dlov\u011bkem, kter&yacute; by se z narcistick&eacute; poruchy osobnosti &bdquo;vyl&eacute;\u010dil&ldquo;, jsem se ve sv&eacute; praxi nesetkal, jeliko\u017e podle odborn&eacute;ho konsenzu to ani nen&iacute; mo\u017en&eacute;. Narcistick&aacute; porucha osobnosti nen&iacute; l&eacute;\u010diteln&aacute; ve smyslu vymizen&iacute; symptom\u016f. Vypl&yacute;v&aacute; to ji\u017e z&nbsp;jej&iacute; samotn&eacute; definice: jde o hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn&yacute;, dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159etrv&aacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; vzorec my&scaron;len&iacute;, c&iacute;t\u011bn&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&yacute; je rigidn&iacute;, m&aacute; v&yacute;vojov&yacute; z&aacute;klad a zasahuje do v&iacute;ce oblast&iacute; fungov&aacute;n&iacute;. V&nbsp;n\u011bkter&yacute;ch p\u0159&iacute;padech m\u016f\u017ee doj&iacute;t k&nbsp;do\u010dasn&eacute; nebo \u010d&aacute;ste\u010dn&eacute; korekci chov&aacute;n&iacute;, nap\u0159&iacute;klad pod vlivem ztr&aacute;ty, osobn&iacute; krize nebo dlouhodob&eacute;ho terapeutick&eacute;ho veden&iacute; (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 a\u017e 10 let, resp. celo\u017eivotn&iacute; terapie), av&scaron;ak tyto zm\u011bny b&yacute;vaj&iacute; omezen&eacute; a z\u0159&iacute;dka stabiln&iacute;. Jedinec se m\u016f\u017ee nau\u010dit l&eacute;pe zvl&aacute;dat n\u011bkter&eacute; projevy nebo z&iacute;skat n&aacute;hled na d\u016fsledky sv&eacute;ho chov&aacute;n&iacute;, av&scaron;ak gro poruchy (naru&scaron;en&aacute; identita, deficit empatie, pot\u0159eba dominance \u010di kompenza\u010dn&iacute; grandi&oacute;zn&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;) zpravidla p\u0159etrv&aacute;vaj&iacute;. Proto odborn&iacute;ci hovo\u0159&iacute; sp&iacute;&scaron;e o mo\u017enosti \u010d&aacute;ste\u010dn&eacute; n&aacute;pravy dynamiky ne\u017eli o l&eacute;\u010db\u011b v&nbsp;prav&eacute;m slova smyslu. Nad\u011bje na zm\u011bnu existovat m\u016f\u017ee, ale praxe n&aacute;m ukazuje, \u017ee je z\u0159&iacute;dkav&aacute; a bez motivace zevnit\u0159 prakticky neudr\u017eiteln&aacute;.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Podtitul va&scaron;&iacute; knihy zn&iacute;<em>: Poznejte toxick&eacute; vztahy a osvobo\u010fte se od nich<\/em>. Jak m\u016f\u017ee rozpoznat a osvobodit se ob\u011b\u0165 narcistick&eacute;ho zneu\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; nap\u0159&iacute;klad v&nbsp;partnersk&eacute;m vztahu, kdy\u017e je v&nbsp;zajet&iacute; z&aacute;vislosti na takov&eacute;m partnerovi? I kdy\u017e u\u017e t\u0159eba v&iacute;, s&nbsp;k&yacute;m m&aacute; tu \u010dest, nen&iacute; pro takovou osobu jednoduch&eacute; se ze za\u010darovan&eacute;ho kruhu vymanit a osvobodit. Jak by m\u011bl tedy tento \u010dlov\u011bk postupovat?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">P\u0159esn\u011b tak, uv\u011bdom\u011bn&iacute;, \u017ee jsme ve vztahu s narcistickou osobou, je&scaron;t\u011b neznamen&aacute;, \u017ee se dok&aacute;\u017eeme osvobodit. Narcistick&eacute; zneu\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; \u010dasto vytv&aacute;\u0159&iacute; psychologickou vazbu, kter&aacute; je velice siln&aacute;, p\u0159esto\u017ee navenek m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit nelogicky. Ob\u011bti b&yacute;vaj&iacute; uv\u011bzn\u011bny v&nbsp;dynamice st\u0159&iacute;d&aacute;n&iacute; idealizace a devalvace, kter&aacute; v&nbsp;nich postupn\u011b oslabuje sebehodnocen&iacute; a posiluje pocit z&aacute;vislosti. Vytvo\u0159&iacute; se traumatick&eacute; p\u0159ipout&aacute;n&iacute; (tzv. <em>trauma bond<\/em>), u kter&eacute;ho se bolest paradoxn\u011b st&aacute;v&aacute; sou\u010d&aacute;st&iacute; emo\u010dn&iacute;ho pouta. Proto nen&iacute; spr&aacute;vn&eacute; o\u010dek&aacute;vat, \u017ee &bdquo;sta\u010d&iacute; odej&iacute;t&ldquo; (jak \u010dasto sly&scaron;&iacute;me od lid&iacute;, kte\u0159&iacute; dynamice nerozum\u011bj&iacute; nebo nem\u011bli s&nbsp;podobnou situac&iacute; zku&scaron;enost: &bdquo;Pro\u010d neode&scaron;la? V\u017edy\u0165 v&scaron;ichni vid&iacute;me, jak je to &scaron;patn&eacute;&ldquo;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>Prvn&iacute;m krokem k&nbsp;osvobozen&iacute; je uznat komplexnost vlastn&iacute; situace bez viny a hanby. Pom&aacute;h&aacute; edukace v&nbsp;oblasti toxick&yacute;ch vztah\u016f a n&aacute;sledn\u011b pojmenovat, co se ve vztahu d\u011bje, a to nejen z&nbsp;pohledu emoc&iacute;, ale tak&eacute; vzorc\u016f chov&aacute;n&iacute;. Ji\u017e samotn&aacute; schopnost pojmenovat manipulaci, gaslighting \u010di cyklus zneu\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; m\u016f\u017ee naru&scaron;it iluzi, \u017ee probl&eacute;m je v&nbsp;ob\u011bti. Dal&scaron;&iacute;m krokem je vytv&aacute;\u0159en&iacute; mal&yacute;ch, ale konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;ch op\u011brn&yacute;ch bod\u016f autonomie, kup\u0159&iacute;kladu obnoven&iacute; soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch vazeb, vyhled&aacute;n&iacute; psychologick&eacute; podpory, veden&iacute; si soukrom&eacute;ho z&aacute;znamu ud&aacute;lost&iacute;, kter&eacute; sni\u017euj&iacute; sebed\u016fv\u011bru. U n\u011bkter&yacute;ch lid&iacute; sehr&aacute;v&aacute; kl&iacute;\u010dovou roli teprve moment vy\u010derp&aacute;n&iacute;, nebo siln&yacute; vn\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; impulz, kter&yacute; proraz&iacute; iluzi &bdquo;zvl&aacute;dnuteln&eacute;ho&ldquo; vztahu, resp. Omlouv&aacute;n&iacute; \u010din\u016f n&aacute;siln&iacute;ka a p\u0159esouv&aacute;n&iacute; ve&scaron;ker&eacute; viny na sebe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>Osvobozen&iacute; nen&iacute; jen jednor&aacute;zov&yacute; \u010din, ale pomal&yacute; proces psychologick&eacute;ho odpout&aacute;n&iacute;, v&nbsp;n\u011bm\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159est&aacute;v&aacute; definovat s&aacute;m sebe skrze optiku agresora. A\u017e kdy\u017e se za\u010dne obnovovat vnit\u0159n&iacute; r&aacute;mec autonomie (sebeobraz, hranice, realita vlastn&iacute;ch emoc&iacute;), m\u016f\u017ee doj&iacute;t k&nbsp;definitivn&iacute;mu rozhodnut&iacute; ukon\u010dit vztah.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Narcista m\u016f\u017ee b&yacute;t ov&scaron;em nejen partner, ale tak&eacute; rodi\u010d, kamar&aacute;d, spolupracovn&iacute;k, nad\u0159&iacute;zen&yacute;&hellip; Co d\u011blat v&nbsp;p\u0159&iacute;padech, kde nen&iacute; &uacute;pln\u011b jednoduch&eacute; odej&iacute;t, nap\u0159&iacute;klad v&nbsp;p\u0159&iacute;pad\u011b bezd\u011btn&eacute;ho partnerstv&iacute;, proto\u017ee narcistou je matka, otec \u010di sourozenec, v&nbsp;pr&aacute;ci pak kolega nebo &scaron;&eacute;f?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ano, narcista nemus&iacute; b&yacute;t jen partner. M\u016f\u017ee to b&yacute;t rodi\u010d, sourozenec, p\u0159&iacute;tel, kolegyn\u011b nebo nad\u0159&iacute;zen&yacute;. V&nbsp;mnoha z&nbsp;t\u011bchto p\u0159&iacute;pad\u016f je odchod technicky mo\u017en&yacute;, ne v&scaron;ak v\u017edy jednoduch&yacute;, zejm&eacute;na pokud se jedn&aacute; o rodinu, dlouhodob&eacute; pracovn&iacute; vazby nebo emocion&aacute;ln\u011b prov&aacute;zan&eacute; vztahy. Zat&iacute;mco od p\u0159&iacute;tele, kolegy nebo &scaron;&eacute;fa se teoreticky \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee odst\u0159ihnout a hledat si jinou pr&aacute;ci, v&nbsp;praxi tomu \u010dasto br&aacute;n&iacute; pocity loajality, strachu, viny nebo existen\u010dn&iacute; obavy. Pr&aacute;v\u011b proto je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee osvobozen&iacute; se od narcistick&eacute;ho vlivu nemus&iacute; znamenat okam\u017eit&eacute; p\u0159eru&scaron;en&iacute; kontaktu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>Kl&iacute;\u010dov&eacute; je za\u010d&iacute;t si uv\u011bdomovat, co ve mn\u011b tento vztah spou&scaron;t&iacute;: chronickou vinu, zmaten&iacute;, emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;kyvy? A sna\u017eit se p\u0159estat to interpretovat jako vlastn&iacute; selh&aacute;n&iacute;. Pom&aacute;h&aacute; v\u011bdom\u011b p\u0159estat reagovat zp\u016fsobem, jak&yacute; narcistick&aacute; osoba o\u010dek&aacute;v&aacute;, a m&iacute;sto toho se op&iacute;rat o sv&eacute; hodnoty a limity. V&nbsp;p\u0159&iacute;pad\u011b rodinn&yacute;ch nebo pracovn&iacute;ch vztah\u016f to m\u016f\u017ee znamenat omezen&iacute; kontaktu, zm\u011bnu komunika\u010dn&iacute; strategie nebo vytvo\u0159en&iacute; konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;ch pravidel interakce. A tam, kde je to mo\u017en&eacute; (nap\u0159&iacute;klad v&nbsp;p\u0159&aacute;telstv&iacute; nebo v pr&aacute;ci) je n\u011bkdy nejzdrav\u011bj&scaron;&iacute;m krokem odchod, v&yacute;m\u011bna prost\u0159ed&iacute; nebo p\u0159eru&scaron;en&iacute; kontaktu. Osvobozen&iacute; tedy nemus&iacute; b&yacute;t jen o tom, s k&yacute;m \u017eiji nebo pracuji, ale o tom, do jak&eacute; m&iacute;ry dovol&iacute;m druh&eacute;mu, aby definoval moji hodnotu.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Komu kniha <a title=\"V&nbsp;zajet&iacute; narcismu\" href=\"https:\/\/www.knihcentrum.cz\/v-zajeti-narcismu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>V&nbsp;zajet&iacute; narcismu<\/em><\/a> nejl&eacute;pe poslou\u017e&iacute;? Je prim&aacute;rn\u011b ur\u010dena t\u011bm, kte\u0159&iacute; se s&nbsp;narcistou v&nbsp;\u017eivot\u011b pot&yacute;kaj&iacute; a nev\u011bd&iacute;, jak se z&nbsp;takov&eacute;ho vztahu vymanit, nebo je vhodn&aacute; t\u0159eba i pro r\u016fzn&eacute; psychology, terapeuty a &bdquo;l&eacute;\u010ditele lidsk&yacute;ch du&scaron;&iacute;&ldquo;, kte\u0159&iacute; o t&eacute;to poru&scaron;e \u010dasto t\u0159eba ani nesly&scaron;eli, nebo ji znaj&iacute; jen okrajov\u011b?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kniha <a title=\"V zajet&iacute; narcismu\" href=\"https:\/\/www.knihcentrum.cz\/v-zajeti-narcismu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">V zajet&iacute; narcismu<\/a> je prim&aacute;rn\u011b ur\u010dena t\u011bm, kte\u0159&iacute; se ocitli v&nbsp;bl&iacute;zk&eacute;m a emocion&aacute;ln\u011b z&aacute;visl&eacute;m kontaktu s narcistickou osobou, prim&aacute;rn\u011b v&nbsp;partnersk&eacute;m vztahu, ale i v rodin\u011b, pr&aacute;ci nebo jin&eacute;m d\u016fle\u017eit&eacute;m mezilidsk&eacute;m kontextu, a c&iacute;t&iacute;, \u017ee n\u011bco nen&iacute; v po\u0159&aacute;dku, ale nedok&aacute;\u017eou to p\u0159esn\u011b pojmenovat. Velk&aacute; \u010d&aacute;st t\u011bchto lid&iacute; ne\u017eije s jasn\u011b diagnostikovan&yacute;m &bdquo;narcistou&ldquo;, ale s osobou, kter&aacute; je dlouhodob\u011b psychicky vy\u010derp&aacute;v&aacute;, manipuluje jimi nebo oslabuje jejich identitu. Pr&aacute;v\u011b jim kniha nab&iacute;z&iacute; pojmov&yacute; r&aacute;mec, oporu i mo\u017enost porozum\u011bt tomu, pro\u010d je takov&yacute; vztah obt&iacute;\u017en&eacute; opustit, a co mohou postupn\u011b d\u011blat, aby se z&nbsp;t&eacute;to dynamiky odpoutali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>Text je proto ps&aacute;n emocion&aacute;ln\u011b nabit&yacute;m a z&aacute;rove\u0148 jasn&yacute;m jazykem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; p\u016fsobit nejen informativn\u011b, ale i terapeuticky pro ob\u011bti; jako pr\u016fvodce, kter&yacute; jim pom&aacute;h&aacute; vr&aacute;tit d\u016fv\u011bru ve vlastn&iacute; pro\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; a dok&aacute;zat se identifikovat s&nbsp;p\u0159&iacute;klady v&nbsp;knize. T&iacute;m p&aacute;dem nejde o akademickou publikaci a nen&iacute; prim&aacute;rn\u011b c&iacute;len&aacute; na odborn&iacute;ky. P\u0159esto v&iacute;t&aacute;m ka\u017ed&eacute;ho odborn&iacute;ka, kter&yacute; si knihu p\u0159e\u010dte, nebo\u0165 v\u011b\u0159&iacute;m, \u017ee sd&iacute;len&eacute; zku&scaron;enosti a jazyk z praxe mohou obohatit odborn&eacute; uva\u017eov&aacute;n&iacute; a roz&scaron;&iacute;\u0159it vn&iacute;mavost v\u016f\u010di m&eacute;n\u011b n&aacute;padn&yacute;m form&aacute;m psychick&eacute;ho zneu\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;. Ka\u017ed&yacute; takov&yacute;to pom&aacute;h&aacute; pos&iacute;lit most mezi akademick&yacute;m pozn&aacute;n&iacute;m a skute\u010dn&yacute;mi lidsk&yacute;mi p\u0159&iacute;b\u011bhy.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 355px; float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-left: 10px;\" src=\"\/content\/images\/uploaded\/v-zajeti-narcismu.jpg\" width=\"NaN\" height=\"auto\" alt=\"\" title=\"\">Jak moc velk&eacute; mohou b&yacute;t dopady narcismu, pokud ob\u011bti zneu\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; se z&nbsp;takov&eacute;ho patologick&eacute;ho vztahu nevyman&iacute; samy nebo pomoc&iacute; odborn&iacute;ka? Kam a\u017e to m\u016f\u017ee zaj&iacute;t?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Dopady mohou b&yacute;t velice hlubok&eacute; a zanechat stopy, kter&eacute; p\u0159etrv&aacute;vaj&iacute; cel&aacute; l&eacute;ta, i po ukon\u010den&iacute; samotn&eacute;ho vztahu. V&nbsp;n\u011bkter&yacute;ch p\u0159&iacute;padech bohu\u017eel i po cel&yacute; \u017eivot. Pokud se \u010dlov\u011bk z narcistick&eacute;ho zneu\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; nevyman&iacute; v\u010das, a\u0165 ji\u017e s&aacute;m, nebo s pomoc&iacute; odborn&iacute;ka, doch&aacute;z&iacute; \u010dasto k&nbsp;naru&scaron;en&iacute; sebehodnocen&iacute;, identity, \u010di chronick&eacute;mu psychick&eacute;mu vy\u010derp&aacute;n&iacute;. Ob\u011bti pochybuj&iacute; o vlastn&iacute;m vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; reality, p\u0159est&aacute;vaj&iacute; d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat sob\u011b i druh&yacute;m, a v mnoha p\u0159&iacute;padech se u nich rozvinou symptomy &uacute;zkostn&yacute;ch poruch, deprese, traumatu (PTSD) nebo komplexn&iacute;ho traumatu (C-PTSD), nebo dokonce sebepo&scaron;kozuj&iacute;c&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; nebo suicid&aacute;ln&iacute; tendence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>Patologick&yacute; vztah, kter&aacute; dlouhodob\u011b p\u016fsob&iacute; na psychiku manipulac&iacute;, obvi\u0148ov&aacute;n&iacute;m, kontrolou nebo emocion&aacute;ln&iacute;m zneva\u017eov&aacute;n&iacute;m, m&aacute; podobn&eacute; &uacute;\u010dinky jako dlouhodob&eacute; psychick&eacute; t&yacute;r&aacute;n&iacute;. Mnoh&eacute; ob\u011bti se st&aacute;vaj&iacute; postupn\u011b izolovan&yacute;mi, pasivizovan&yacute;mi a p\u0159est&aacute;vaj&iacute; v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee maj&iacute; pr&aacute;vo nebo schopnost cokoli zm\u011bnit. V&nbsp;extr&eacute;mn&iacute;ch p\u0159&iacute;padech doch&aacute;z&iacute; k &uacute;pln&eacute;mu rozvratu osobnosti, \u010dlov\u011bk u\u017e nev&iacute;, k&yacute;m vlastn\u011b je mimo tento vztah. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit&eacute; v\u010das rozpoznat varovn&eacute; sign&aacute;ly, br&aacute;t je v&aacute;\u017en\u011b a nev&aacute;hat vyhledat pomoc.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u010cemu se v\u011bnujete v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn&eacute; dob\u011b? A p\u0159ipravujete n\u011bjakou dal&scaron;&iacute; knihu na toto t&eacute;ma?<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Problematika narcismu nen&iacute; jedin&yacute;m &uacute;st\u0159edn&iacute;m t&eacute;matem m&eacute;ho v&yacute;zkumn&eacute;ho z&aacute;jmu a pracovn&iacute; \u010dinnosti. Spole\u010dn\u011b s&nbsp;kolegy a kolegyn\u011bmi se v\u011bnujeme &scaron;ir&scaron;&iacute;mu spektru t&eacute;mat spojen&yacute;ch s&nbsp;patologi&iacute; osobnosti, v&yacute;vojov&yacute;mi faktory v&nbsp;d\u011btstv&iacute; a dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, jako\u017e i v&yacute;voji a adaptaci n&aacute;stroj\u016f k&nbsp;m\u011b\u0159en&iacute; r\u016fzn&yacute;ch psychologick&yacute;ch zvl&aacute;&scaron;tnost&iacute;, v\u010detn\u011b r\u016fzn&yacute;ch forem narcismu. V&nbsp;tomto sm\u011bru jde \u010dasto o kombinaci teoretick&eacute; pr&aacute;ce, psychometrick&eacute; anal&yacute;zy a praktick&eacute;ho vyu\u017eit&iacute; v&nbsp;klinick&eacute;m i eduka\u010dn&iacute;m prost\u0159ed&iacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>Krom\u011b v&yacute;zkumu p\u0159ipravuji i dal&scaron;&iacute; publikace popul&aacute;rn\u011b-nau\u010dn&eacute;ho charakteru, kter&eacute; v&scaron;ak nebudou zam\u011b\u0159eny v&yacute;hradn\u011b na partnersk&eacute; vztahy. Budou se zab&yacute;vat &scaron;ir&scaron;&iacute;mi koncepty, jako je moc, zneu\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; d\u016fv\u011bry, patologie ambic&iacute; nebo psychologick&eacute; mechanismy p\u0159e\u017eit&iacute; v neetick&eacute;m prost\u0159ed&iacute;. V\u011b\u0159&iacute;m, \u017ee i tyto texty mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt k &scaron;ir&scaron;&iacute;mu diskurzu a upozornit spole\u010dnost na t&eacute;mata, kter&aacute; jsou sice slo\u017eit&aacute;, ale nesm&iacute;rn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit&aacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>Text: Kate\u0159ina \u017d&iacute;dkov&aacute;<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Foto: archiv Robert Tom&scaron;ik&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O rozhovor jsme po\u017e\u00e1dali PaedDr. Roberta Tom\u0161ika, PhD.,  v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka v oblasti psychologie, patopsychologie, psychodiagnostiky a psychometriky. Pov\u00eddali jsme si s n\u00edm o jeho knize V zajet\u00ed narcismu, kter\u00e1 poslou\u017e\u00ed mnoh\u00fdm \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm jako pr\u016fvodce, jen\u017e  pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vr\u00e1tit d\u016fv\u011bru ve vlastn\u00ed pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a dok\u00e1zat se identifikovat s p\u0159\u00edklady uveden\u00fdmi v t\u00e9to publikaci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":332143,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[21848],"class_list":["post-332142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozhovor","tag-revue"],"acf":{"related_products":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=332142"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332142\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/332143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=332142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=332142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=332142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}