{"id":327602,"date":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-23T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/nezarazene\/jaky-termin-zavedl-do-cestiny-astronom-jiri-grygar\/"},"modified":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-10-23T22:00:00","slug":"jaky-termin-zavedl-do-cestiny-astronom-jiri-grygar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/rozhovor\/jaky-termin-zavedl-do-cestiny-astronom-jiri-grygar\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00fd term\u00edn zavedl do \u010de\u0161tiny astronom Ji\u0159\u00ed Grygar ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kniha <a href=\"https:\/\/www.knihcentrum.cz\/Kniha\/takto-se-me-nikdo-neptal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #1b3f75;\"><strong>Takto se m\u011b nikdo neptal<\/strong><\/span><\/a> pat\u0159&iacute; do rukou ka\u017ed&eacute;mu, kdo se chce dov\u011bd\u011bt, v jak&eacute;m vesm&iacute;ru \u017eije. Stoj&iacute; za to p\u0159e\u010d&iacute;st si o tom, co je skryt&aacute; hmota vesm&iacute;ru, kter&yacute;m ze dvou zp\u016fsob\u016f smrti by zem\u0159el Einstein, kdyby vl&eacute;tl do \u010dern&eacute; d&iacute;ry, jak&yacute; konec nejsp&iacute;&scaron; \u010dek&aacute; n&aacute;&scaron; vesm&iacute;r a pro\u010d je \u010dlov\u011bk z&aacute;zrakem vesm&iacute;ru. Rozhovor je mnohem poutav\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; a p\u0159&iacute;stupn\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; forma, pro \u010dten&aacute;\u0159e zaj&iacute;mav\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; ne\u017e dlouh&yacute; nau\u010dn&yacute; text. Dob\u0159e volen&eacute; ot&aacute;zky z n&aacute;s vydoluj&iacute; i to, co bychom sami ne\u0159ekli, tak\u017ee o sob\u011b a sv\u011bt\u011b v&iacute;c prozrad&iacute;me. Dnes bychom asi t\u011b\u017eko hledali n\u011bkoho, kdo by dovedl hovo\u0159it o vesm&iacute;ru, hmot\u011b a \u010dasu tak zan&iacute;cen\u011b a z&aacute;rove\u0148 fundovan\u011b, jako astronom a astrofyzik Ji\u0159&iacute; Grygar. Nechte se vt&aacute;hnout do minulosti vesm&iacute;ru. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.knihcentrum.cz\/autor\/jiri-grygar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #1b3f75;\"><strong>Ji\u0159&iacute; Grygar<\/strong><\/span><\/a> p\u016fsob&iacute; v Odd\u011blen&iacute; astro\u010d&aacute;sticov&eacute; fyziky Fyzik&aacute;ln&iacute;ho &uacute;stavu AV \u010cR. Cel&yacute; \u017eivot se v\u011bnuje tak&eacute; popularizaci astronomie a p\u0159&iacute;buzn&yacute;ch obor\u016f fyziky. Publikoval v&iacute;ce ne\u017e dv\u011b st\u011b odborn&yacute;ch prac&iacute; (p\u0159edm\u011btem jeho v&yacute;zkumu jsou fotometrie a spektroskopie hv\u011bzd, meziplanet&aacute;rn&iacute; hmota a astro\u010d&aacute;sticov&aacute; fyzika) a \u0159adu popul&aacute;rn\u011b-nau\u010dn&yacute;ch publikac&iacute;. Je autorem, spoluautorem a p\u0159isp\u011bvatelem mnoha rozhlasov&yacute;ch a televizn&iacute;ch vzd\u011bl&aacute;vac&iacute;ch po\u0159ad\u016f a autorem p\u0159&iacute;sp\u011bvk\u016f v \u010dasopisech, novin&aacute;ch \u010di na internetu. Za svoji v\u011bdeckou a p\u0159edev&scaron;&iacute;m populariza\u010dn&iacute; \u010dinnost z&iacute;skal mnoho cen. V roce 2011 z&iacute;skal nejvy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; ocen\u011bn&iacute; \u010cesk&eacute; astronomick&eacute; spole\u010dnosti Cenu Franti&scaron;ka Nu&scaron;la a o rok pozd\u011bji obdr\u017eel Medaili U\u010den&eacute; spole\u010dnosti \u010cesk&eacute; republiky za &bdquo;p\u0159&iacute;nos \u010desk&eacute; i mezin&aacute;rodn&iacute; astronomii a obecn&eacute; v\u011bd\u011b a jej&iacute;mu &scaron;&iacute;\u0159en&iacute;&ldquo;. V roce 1996 z&iacute;skal Ji\u0159&iacute; Grygar cenu UNESCO Kalinga &bdquo;za p\u0159&iacute;nos k interpretaci &uacute;lohy v\u011bdy p\u0159i slu\u017eb\u011b spole\u010dnosti, obohacov&aacute;n&iacute; jej&iacute;ho kulturn&iacute;ho d\u011bdictv&iacute; a \u0159e&scaron;en&iacute; probl&eacute;m\u016f lidstva&ldquo;. Byla po n\u011bm pojmenov&aacute;na planetka (3336) Grygar, objevena 26. \u0159&iacute;jna 1971. Je \u010destn&yacute;m p\u0159edsedou \u010cesk&eacute; astronomick&eacute; spole\u010dnosti. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>N&aacute;zev knihy zn&iacute; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.knihcentrum.cz\/takto-se-me-nikdo-neptal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Takto se m\u011b nikdo neptal<\/a>. V \u010dem byl p\u0159&iacute;stup &Scaron;tefana Hr&iacute;ba, kter&yacute; s v&aacute;mi rozhovory vedl, jedine\u010dn&yacute;?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">My se zn&aacute;me asi u\u017e dvacet let a v\u017edy jsme se setk&aacute;vali za takov&yacute;ch zaj&iacute;mav&yacute;ch okolnost&iacute; na Slovensku, kde pracoval v tamn&iacute; televizi a v po\u0159adu zastupoval takov&eacute;ho pr\u016fm\u011brn&eacute;ho zv&iacute;dav&eacute;ho div&aacute;ka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>V knize zmi\u0148ujete, \u017ee na p\u0159&iacute;rod\u011b je &uacute;\u017easn&eacute;, \u017ee n&aacute;s neust&aacute;le p\u0159ekvapuje. Um&iacute;te si p\u0159edstavit okam\u017eik, kdy u\u017e ta p\u0159&iacute;roda s ni\u010d&iacute;m nep\u0159ijde a v\u011bdci budou stav\u011bni do pasivn&iacute; role historik\u016f sv&yacute;ch obor\u016f?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kdy\u017e jsem se rozhodl pro obor astronomie, tak jsem si myslel, \u017ee to obdob&iacute; u\u017e tady je. Myslel jsem, \u017ee u\u017e v&iacute;me t&eacute;m\u011b\u0159 v&scaron;e, ale velice rychle m\u011b to vyl&eacute;\u010dilo. Valila se spousta objev\u016f, kdy nikdo netu&scaron;il, \u017ee by n\u011bco takov&eacute;ho mohlo p\u0159ij&iacute;t. Vypad&aacute; to tak, \u017ee poka\u017ed&eacute;, kdy\u017e se n&aacute;m poda\u0159&iacute; n\u011bco vy\u0159e&scaron;it, tak n&aacute;s napadnou dal&scaron;&iacute; t\u0159i ot&aacute;zky k dan&eacute;mu t&eacute;matu. Ty lehk&eacute; v\u011bci ud\u011blali na&scaron;i p\u0159edch\u016fdci, ty t\u011b\u017ek&eacute; zb&yacute;vaj&iacute; na n&aacute;s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Term&iacute;n Velk&yacute; t\u0159esk podle v&aacute;s nen&iacute; &uacute;pln\u011b adekv&aacute;tn&iacute;. Vy jste se proti tomu ohradil. M&aacute;te tedy lep&scaron;&iacute; slovo?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lep&scaron;&iacute; slovo nem&aacute;m, dokonce jsem to slovo v \u010de&scaron;tin\u011b zavedl. Kdy\u017e vznikl term&iacute;n Velk&yacute; t\u0159esk v anglick&eacute;m jazyce, tak s n&iacute;m v\u011bt&scaron;ina v\u011bdc\u016f nesouhlasila. Fyzika neza\u010d&iacute;n&aacute; v okam\u017eik Velk&eacute;ho t\u0159esku, ale v moment\u011b po n\u011bm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Jak&yacute; v\u011bdeck&yacute; objev v lidsk&eacute; historii je pro v&aacute;s naprosto st\u011b\u017eejn&iacute;?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Jsou to asi tak \u010dty\u0159i objevy. Gravita\u010dn&iacute; z&aacute;kon, kter&yacute; umo\u017enil rozvoj fyziky. Pak Maxwellovy rovnice, kter&eacute; nejsou ve\u0159ejnosti moc zn&aacute;my. Posledn&iacute; dva objevy jsou z d&iacute;lny Alberta Einsteina, kter&yacute; dostal Nobelovu cenu za vysv\u011btlen&iacute; fotoelektrick&eacute;ho jevu a za slu\u017eby teoretick&eacute; fyzice. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Je podle v&aacute;s mo\u017en&eacute;, aby v dne&scaron;n&iacute; dob\u011b u\u010dinil n\u011bjak&yacute; amat&eacute;r nov&yacute; astronomick&yacute; objev?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">J&aacute; si mysl&iacute;m, \u017ee ano. Dokonce jsou ty mo\u017enosti lep&scaron;&iacute; ne\u017e d\u0159&iacute;ve. N\u011bkter&eacute; v\u011bci jsou vid\u011bt jen v ur\u010dit&eacute; chv&iacute;li a v ur\u010dit&eacute;m m&iacute;st\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Kdy\u017e jste po vysok&eacute; &scaron;kole nastupoval do zam\u011bstn&aacute;n&iacute;, zasahoval minul&yacute; re\u017eim do pr&aacute;ce astrofyzik\u016f?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ano i ne. Na&scaron;e v&yacute;hoda byla, \u017ee tomu moc nerozum\u011bli. Do pot&iacute;\u017e&iacute; jsem se v&scaron;ak dostal kv\u016fli jedn&eacute; knize, kde jsem pou\u017eil term&iacute;n Velk&yacute; t\u0159esk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Va&scaron;e kniha Okna vesm&iacute;ru doko\u0159&aacute;n se tak&eacute; dostala do probl&eacute;mu. M\u011bla vyj&iacute;t v roce 1989, ale n\u011bco se p\u0159ihodilo a m\u011bla b&yacute;t zni\u010dena. Co se p\u0159ihodilo?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Komunismus u\u017e pomalu kon\u010dil, ale je&scaron;t\u011b byl docela aktivn&iacute;. Podepsal jsem petici a na z&aacute;klad\u011b toho se nakladatel zalekl.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Dok&aacute;\u017eete slovy popsat, co se d\u011bje v \u010dern&eacute; d&iacute;\u0159e?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tak tohle nev&iacute; opravdu nikdo, ani p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>V knize je uvedeno, \u017ee energie je v&aacute;z&aacute;na na hmotu a p\u0159itom m\u016f\u017ee b&yacute;t napln\u011bna energi&iacute;. Jakou energi&iacute;?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">To je dobr&aacute; ot&aacute;zka a jedna z &uacute;st\u0159edn&iacute;ch ot&aacute;zek kosmologie. D\u0159&iacute;ve jsme si mysleli, \u017ee z&aacute;\u0159&iacute;c&iacute; hmota vesm&iacute;ru je jedin&aacute;, kter&aacute; v tom vesm&iacute;ru je. Ale ten n&aacute;zor se za\u010dal m\u011bnit v roce 1933, kdy bylo zji&scaron;t\u011bno, \u017ee tam mus&iacute; b&yacute;t je&scaron;t\u011b n\u011bjak&aacute; hmota, kter&aacute; nen&iacute; vid\u011bt. M\u016f\u017eeme to nazvat temn&aacute; l&aacute;tka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Je nitro Zem\u011b tvo\u0159eno \u017eelezem s p\u0159&iacute;m\u011bs&iacute; niklu, jak jsme se u\u010dili?<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V Zemi je skute\u010dn\u011b \u017eelezo a nikl, proto\u017ee jsou nejt\u011b\u017e&scaron;&iacute;. M&aacute;me o tom dokonce dobr&eacute; d\u016fkazy ze seismologie, \u017ee se jedn&aacute; o \u017eelezo, nikl a kobalt. Ve vesm&iacute;ru je t\u011bchto t\u0159ech l&aacute;tek opravdu mnoho.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Besedu moderovala: Sandra Proch&aacute;zkov&aacute;<\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u0159\u00edjna byl hostem Domu knihy Ji\u0159\u00ed Grygar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":327603,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[21848],"class_list":["post-327602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozhovor","tag-revue"],"acf":{"related_products":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=327602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327602\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/327603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=327602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=327602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=327602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}