Autorka Laura Baldiniov\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017euje rom\u00e1novou formou n\u00e1ro\u010dnou cestu Marie Montessoriov\u00e9, inteligentn\u00ed vzd\u011blan\u00e9 d\u00edvky, kter\u00e1 se d\u00edky vlastn\u00ed hou\u017eevnatosti a c\u00edlev\u011bdomosti vypracovala mezi odbornou \u0161pi\u010dku ve sv\u00e9m oboru. Kvalitn\u011b napsan\u00fd, \u010dtiv\u00fd a zaj\u00edmav\u00fd biografick\u00fd rom\u00e1n poutav\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem sezn\u00e1m\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e s po\u010d\u00e1tky kari\u00e9ry t\u00e9to v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 italsk\u00e9 pedago\u017eky a zakladatelky v\u00fdchovn\u011b-vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho programu Montessori.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Maria Montessoriov\u00e1<\/strong> se narodila 31. srpna 1870 ve m\u011bst\u011b Chiaravalle v It\u00e1lii. Jej\u00ed otec Alessandro byl \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b, jej\u00ed matka Renilde Stoppaniov\u00e1 byla velmi vzd\u011blan\u00e1 \u017eena a v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00e1 \u010dten\u00e1\u0159ka knih.<\/p>\n Rodina Montessoriov\u00fdch se p\u0159est\u011bhovala do \u0158\u00edma v roce 1875 a v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce byla mlad\u00e1 Maria zaps\u00e1na v m\u00edstn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0161kole na Via di San Nicolo da Tolentino. Jak postupovalo jej\u00ed studium, za\u010dala nar\u00e1\u017eet na tehdej\u0161\u00ed hranice, kter\u00e9 omezovaly kari\u00e9ru \u017een. Ona ale byla rozhodnuta st\u00e1t se l\u00e9ka\u0159kou. Jej\u00ed otec byl proti tomuto z\u00e1m\u011bru \u2013 studium medic\u00edny bylo tehdy p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 jen mu\u017e\u016fm \u2013 a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byl Marii vstup do \u0161koly \u0159editelem t\u00e9to \u0161koly odep\u0159en.\u00a0\u00a0 Ta se ale nedala odradit a jeden ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd pohovor s profesorem zakon\u010dila slovy: \u201eJ\u00e1 v\u00edm, \u017ee se l\u00e9ka\u0159kou stanu.\u201c Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v jej\u00ed prosp\u011bch tehdy intervenoval i pape\u017e Leo XIII. V roce 1890 se Maria Montessoriov\u00e1 zapsala na univerzitu v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, aby studovala fyziku, matematiku a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy. Diplom obdr\u017eela o dva roky pozd\u011bji. Tento fakt a pape\u017eova intervence j\u00ed umo\u017enily za\u010d\u00edt studovat na fakult\u011b medic\u00edny, a stala se tak prvn\u00ed \u017eenou, kter\u00e1 v It\u00e1lii medic\u00ednu studovala.<\/p>\n V roce 1898 byla tehdy osmadvacetilet\u00e1 Maria po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1na o projev na N\u00e1rodn\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9m kongresu v Tur\u00edn\u011b, kde obhajovala kontroverzn\u00ed teorii, \u017ee nedostatek vhodn\u00fdch podn\u011bt\u016f a opat\u0159en\u00ed pro retardovan\u00e9 a naru\u0161en\u00e9 d\u011bti je d\u016fvodem jejich kriminality. Tuto tezi je\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila, kdy\u017e oslovila N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pedagogick\u00fd kongres n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku, kde p\u0159ednesla svou vizi soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pokroku a politick\u00e9 ekonomiky s ko\u0159eny ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch. Pozd\u011bji vedla katedru antropologie na univerzit\u011b v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.<\/p>\n Dne 6. ledna 1907 otev\u0159ela D\u016fm d\u011bt\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fd pro chud\u00e9 d\u011bti p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku. Poprv\u00e9 za\u010dala pou\u017e\u00edvat a d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjela materi\u00e1l pro smyslovou v\u00fdchovu vytvo\u0159en\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u011b pro d\u011bti ment\u00e1ln\u011b retardovan\u00e9, \u0161koln\u00ed materi\u00e1l k n\u00e1cviku \u010dten\u00ed, psan\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Zam\u011bstn\u00e1vala d\u011bti praktick\u00fdmi \u010dinnostmi, jako je ut\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed prachu a zamet\u00e1n\u00ed. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b se pod\u00edlela na zalo\u017een\u00ed prvn\u00ed asociace pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch metod, kter\u00e9 nesly n\u00e1zev Opera Montessori.<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1ci Marie Montessoriov\u00e9 ocenil i Sigmund Freud po roce 1936, kdy byl ve V\u00eddni zalo\u017een Montessori-Institut. V obdob\u00ed fa\u0161ismu byly \u0161koly Marie Montessoriov\u00e9 v It\u00e1lii zav\u0159eny, v N\u011bmecku a Rakousku byly jej\u00ed knihy p\u00e1leny.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Maria Montessoriov\u00e1<\/strong> (31. srpna 1870 Chiaravalle, It\u00e1lie \u2013 6. kv\u011btna 1952 Noordwijk aan Zee, Nizozemsko)<\/p>\n Vystudovala medic\u00ednu, filozofii a psychologii, zab\u00fdvala se antropologi\u00ed, biologi\u00ed a pedagogikou. V jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ci se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovala teorie a praxe. Jej\u00ed s\u00edla spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v praktick\u00e9m uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed my\u0161lenek.<\/p>\n P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdklady pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed a zd\u016fvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pedagogick\u00fdch experiment\u016f.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Autor:\u00a0Vyb\u00edr\u00e1me z m\u00e9di\u00ed: Page<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Maria Montessoriov\u00e1 se v\u00a0roce 1896 stala prvn\u00ed doktorkou medic\u00edny v\u00a0It\u00e1lii, zaj\u00edmala se o\u00a0v\u00fdchovu ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a\u00a0pozd\u011bji o\u00a0nov\u00fd program vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":325564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[21832],"class_list":["post-325563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recenze","tag-literarni-kavarna"],"acf":{"related_products":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/325563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=325563"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/325563\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/325564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=325563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=325563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=325563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}