J\u00e1dro sd\u011blen\u00ed je toti\u017e dle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru a\u017e p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nosn\u00e9 a dalo by se napsat mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b vzne\u0161en\u00fdmi slovy a bez citac\u00ed a odkaz\u016f, polopaticky. Pokus\u00edm se tedy onu \u00fatlou knihu (v n\u00ed\u017e prvn\u00ed t\u0159etinu tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edmluva, aneb jak\u00fdsi \u201e\u00favod do Lipovetsk\u00e9ho my\u0161lenkov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce\u201c) p\u0159evypr\u00e1v\u011bt sv\u00fdmi slovy, trochu v bodech…<\/p>\n
Autor se sna\u017e\u00ed popsat sou\u010dasnou spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 se vymyk\u00e1 zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm pohled\u016fm, kter\u00e9 na ni nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 optimisticky (idealisticky), nebo \u2013 co\u017e je \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 naopak pesimisticky. Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ehypermodernita\u201c je vzta\u017eeno k p\u0159edchoz\u00ed f\u00e1zi \u201epostmoderny\u201c, o n\u00ed\u017e soud\u00ed, \u017ee ji\u017e byla p\u0159ekro\u010dena. Za podstatn\u00fd rys hypermodernity pova\u017euje zejm\u00e9na dovr\u0161en\u00ed individualizace a nadvl\u00e1du principu m\u00f3dy. Tam, kde se modernita sna\u017eila o osvobozen\u00ed, nutila osvobozovan\u00e9 za osvobozen\u00ed \u201enesvobodn\u011b\u201c bojovat. Postmoderna n\u00e1m dala volnost, ale hypermodernita ji sebrala revolu\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dech \u2013 a dodala \u00fazkost ze svobody. Bojovat u\u017e v podstat\u011b nen\u00ed proti \u010demu, nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele (a proto jej nutkav\u011b hled\u00e1me a nebo si jej i sami konstruujeme).<\/p>\n
Rozpad v\u0161ech velk\u00fdch idej\u00ed je v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm individualismu. Ten na n\u00e1s klade ov\u0161em velk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky (je-li nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00edra osobn\u00ed a individualizovan\u00e1, vedete si z\u00e1pas s Bohem sami a c\u00edrkev nebo kn\u011bz v\u00e1m nepomohou). T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vymizely oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch bychom se mohli spol\u00e9hat na v\u0161eobecn\u00fd konsenzus, ale nedostali jsme se (jak se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed proroci ob\u00e1vali) do \u00e9ry nihilismu. St\u00e1le tou\u017e\u00edme po trval\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch, po l\u00e1sce, d\u011btech, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Ale v\u00edra, mor\u00e1lka i plnost \u017eivota jsou t\u00e9maty k diskusi \u2013 i dogmata se stala m\u00f3dn\u00edm artiklem, kdy dnes jsme ochotni zast\u00e1vat jedno a z\u00edtra zase jin\u00e9, kombinujeme pravdy tak, abychom se my, jako jednotlivci, c\u00edtili dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Lipovetsky ukazuje, \u017ee v dob\u011b hypermodern\u00ed nedo\u0161lo k absolutn\u00edmu v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Nejsme zast\u00e1nci \u201ecarpe diem\u201c. Nejistota z budoucnosti a nev\u00edra v automatick\u00e9 \u201elep\u0161\u00ed z\u00edt\u0159ky\u201c (kdo dnes v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v to, \u017ee se do\u017eije d\u016fchodu, tak jak ho znaj\u00ed na\u0161i rodi\u010de?) n\u00e1s nut\u00ed rozva\u017eovat nad strategiemi pro budouc\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. \u017dijeme v dob\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed spot\u0159eby a p\u0159itom st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed hled\u00e1 jin\u00e1 v\u00fdchodiska: novou spirtualitu, dobrovolnou skromnost, z\u00e1\u017eitky nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na pen\u011bz\u00edch. Zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl nebo koncept \u201equantified-self\u201c ukazuj\u00ed na to, jak investujeme sami do sebe a do vlastn\u00ed budoucnosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ur\u010dit\u00e1 nad\u011bje vkl\u00e1dan\u00e1 do techniky a pokroku z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, jen se st\u00e1v\u00e1 velmi nejistou (sprintujeme ke katastrof\u011b nebo singularit\u011b?): Lipovetsky proto mluv\u00ed o \u201ehyperbudoucnosti\u201c.<\/p>\n
Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je i post\u0159eh t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vztahu k minulosti: ani ten neodolal v\u0161emocn\u00e9mu tlaku m\u00f3dy. Od minulosti se nedistancujeme ve jm\u00e9nu pokroku, naopak ji vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1me, zkoum\u00e1me a vybran\u00e9 kousky adorujeme, za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm do sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. Je ov\u0161em jednozna\u010dn\u011b zkreslena pro marketingov\u00e9 pot\u0159eby: nikdo nechce opravdu autentick\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitek (infek\u010dn\u00ed choroby, t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed nerovnost, poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017een a smrad hnoje), ale idealizovanou variantu \u201etradi\u010dn\u00edho receptu na\u0161ich babi\u010dek\u201c, kolorovan\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky zlat\u00e9ho \u010dasu, kter\u00fd nikdy neexistoval. A je jedno, jestli jde o n\u00e1vrat do 19. stolet\u00ed nebo do 60. let \u2013 oboj\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v souladu s na\u0161imi sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi n\u00e1roky.<\/p>\n
Velk\u00e9 plus Lipovetsk\u00e9mu pat\u0159\u00ed za to, \u017ee nach\u00e1z\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed momenty na nesamoz\u0159ejm\u00fdch m\u00edstech. <\/b>Nap\u0159\u00edklad ukazuje, jak v\u00fdvoj sm\u011brem k soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed sama na sebe vede jeho akt\u00e9ry k historicky bezprecedentn\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tolerance a odporu nap\u0159\u00edklad k v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm konflikt\u016fm \u2013 \u010di utrpen\u00ed jako takov\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n
Naopak za hlavn\u00ed riziko pro dne\u0161n\u00edho hypermodern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka nepova\u017euje tlak na produktivitu a v\u00fdkon (to se je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1 zvl\u00e1dnout, kdy\u017e i v t\u00e9to oblasti m\u00e1me relativn\u011b velk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti volby), ale k\u0159ehkost plynouc\u00ed ze ztr\u00e1ty referen\u010dn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f a nutnost vytv\u00e1\u0159et si je, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee mnoh\u00e9 zah\u00e1n\u011bt do n\u00e1ru\u010de t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed slibuj\u00ed n\u00e1vrat jednoduch\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a sv\u011bton\u00e1zor\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Za velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00fd post\u0159eh pova\u017euji to, \u017ee t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed rozvrstven\u00ed ztr\u00e1c\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry platnost a v \u00e9\u0159e (u\u017e nikoli pouze ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch!) v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho blahobytu n\u00e1m chyb\u00ed zejm\u00e9na \u2013 a to v\u00edce ne\u017e pen\u00edze nebo svoboda \u2013 \u010das. <\/p>\n
Pokud v\u00e1m uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nad spole\u010densk\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami nen\u00ed ciz\u00ed, rozhodn\u011b doporu\u010duji si tuto knihu p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst. Fakt, \u017ee je z hlediska hypermodernity u\u017e vlastn\u011b zastaral\u00e1 (origin\u00e1l vy\u0161el v roce 2004), nen\u00ed vlastn\u011b na \u0161kodu, proto\u017ee aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj zd\u00e1 se jej\u00ed premisy naopak potvrzovat. I kdy\u017e na n\u011b nemohl autor myslet, j\u00e1 p\u0159i jej\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed vid\u011bl jak swinguj\u00edc\u00ed hipstery, tak novodob\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed nom\u00e1dy, ale i kluka z bombajsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1delny, kter\u00fd je nad\u0161en\u00fd z Facebooku a sv\u00e9 Nokie s 1 GB fotek.<\/p>\n
Autor: Adam Zbiejczuk<\/p>\n
Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: CC\u00a0Stuck in Customs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nejprve varov\u00e1n\u00ed: pokud si chcete tuhle kn\u00ed\u017eku p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst, po\u010d\u00edtejte s t\u00edm, \u017ee byste m\u011bli m\u00edt s francouzskou postmodernou aspo\u0148 tro\u0161ku zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to nutn\u00e9, ale aspo\u0148 chab\u00e1 p\u0159edstava, kdo jsou p\u00e1nov\u00e9 Baudrillard, Foucault, Lyotard, je rozhodn\u011b v\u00fdhodou. A neodrad\u00ed v\u00e1s divn\u00fd into\u0161sk\u00fd newspeak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recenze"],"acf":{"related_products":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2352"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2352\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}