{"id":2258,"date":"2013-08-13T11:40:00","date_gmt":"2013-08-13T09:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/nezarazene\/nebyt-nelidsky\/"},"modified":"2023-01-06T16:18:04","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T15:18:04","slug":"nebyt-nelidsky-287","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/recenze\/nebyt-nelidsky-287\/","title":{"rendered":"(Ne)b\u00fdt nelidsk\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Ne z\u0159\u00eddka nach\u00e1z\u00edm na formulace typu <i>chov\u00e1 se jak zv\u00ed\u0159e<\/i> nebo <i>tak  by se nezachovalo ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e<\/i>. A hned na \u0161est\u00e9 stran\u011b Grimaldi uv\u00e1d\u00ed  to, co jsem tak n\u011bjak vnit\u0159n\u011b p\u0159i zn\u011bn\u00ed uveden\u00fdch soud\u016f v\u017edy poc\u00edtil. Ne,  chovat se jako zv\u00ed\u0159e nen\u00ed zdaleka nelidsk\u00e9, proto\u017ee \u201cnelidsk\u00fdm se \u010dlov\u011bk st\u00e1v\u00e1,  jen kdy\u017e se naopak uvol\u00ed d\u011blat to, co by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e ned\u011blalo.&#8220; Jasnou a  \u00fadernou argumentac\u00ed odst\u0159ih\u00e1v\u00e1 autor sv\u00e9 \u00favahy od pot\u0159eby vztahovat na\u0161i  nelidskost s \u201cni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdmi druhy\u201d, onen <i>primitivismus<\/i> toti\u017e hled\u00e1 a nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v n\u00e1s. Nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9  zde na mal\u00e9m prostoru shrnout v\u0161echny my\u0161lenky, p\u016fjdu-li alespo\u0148 po t\u011bch  nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch (a jak\u017etak\u017e snadno formulovateln\u00fdch a zobecniteln\u00fdch), nemohu  minout Grimaldiho d\u016fraz na kontinuitu. Nelidskost tady byla, je a bezpochyby  st\u00e1le bude. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 popl\u00e1c\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed po ramenou se nekon\u00e1. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f z  historie, by\u0165 by to obh\u00e1jci dan\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed neradi sly\u0161eli, p\u0159i nich\u017e se  jednozna\u010dn\u011b nelidskost projevila. Paradoxn\u011b jsou zde i momenty, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed,  \u017ee n\u011bkdo pova\u017euje za nelidsk\u00e9 to, co druz\u00ed naopak vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako projev cti.  (Bipolarita, kter\u00e1 se kr\u00e1sn\u011b projevuje ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch konfliktech.) Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u016fraz  na neust\u00e1lou \u017eivost nelidsk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed velmi depresivn\u011b. Na stran\u011b 29  ostatn\u011b zazn\u00ed: &#8222;Kdyby n\u011bkdo cht\u011bl sestavit seznam genocid a masakr\u016f, m\u011bl  by rychlej\u0161\u00ed sepsat seznam zem\u00ed nebo kraj\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed nimi byly  uchr\u00e1n\u011bny.&#8220; N\u00e1sleduje na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch zem\u00edch \u010di u konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u201cvlada\u0159\u016f\u201d  v\u00fd\u010det <i>m\u00edrov\u00fdch pauz<\/i> mezi t\u00edm, kdy se  ke slovu dostala krev a smrt. <\/p>\n<p>A kdy\u017e u\u017e je \u0159e\u010d o v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch \u010di jin\u00fdch obdobn\u00fdch st\u0159etech, lze  na nich demonstrovat ropoznateln\u00fd znak. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 strana &#8211; ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk &#8211; toti\u017e v  t\u011bchto konfliktech bojuje za ur\u010ditou svoji vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu, jakou si d\u011bl\u00e1 o  lidstv\u00ed. I proto nem\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee bojuje proti sv\u00fdm bli\u017en\u00edm, n\u00fdbr\u017e proti  \u201codlid\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm lidem\u201d (strana 62). <\/p>\n<p>Zn\u00ed to mo\u017en\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b a trochu krkolomn\u011b, ale Grimaldi velmi  trefn\u011b vystihuje p\u016fvody nesv\u00e1r\u016f, \u201coni nejsou jako my\u201d p\u0159ece zazn\u00edv\u00e1 neust\u00e1le a  m\u00e1m-li uk\u00e1zat na aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bn\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed se pod\u00edvat na st\u0159ety s tzv. <i>nep\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fdmi<\/i>. U pramene nelidskosti  se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u201cjak\u00e1si zaslepenost &#8211; sta\u010d\u00ed nerozpoznat v druh\u00e9m sv\u00e9ho bli\u017en\u00edho\u201d  (strana 9), jde o akt odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed uznat, \u017ee druh\u00fd je n\u00e1m podobn\u00fd. &#8222;N\u00e1\u0161 sklon  k nelidskosti je tedy p\u016fvodn\u011b obsa\u017een v na\u0161em sklonu k pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed,&#8220; p\u00ed\u0161e  hned zkraje Grimaldi a pr\u00e1v\u011b tato teze se st\u00e1v\u00e1 poj\u00edtkem jednotliv\u00fdch kapitol a  s n\u00ed i cel\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce vy\u00fast\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Nep\u0159ipad\u00e1 n\u00e1m tak nespravedliv\u00e9, jsme-li nespravedliv\u00ed  v\u016f\u010di cizinc\u016fm, stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1m nep\u0159ipad\u00e1 nelidsk\u00e9 b\u00fdt nelidsk\u00fd ke v\u0161em, kdo se  n\u00e1m doopravdy tolik nepodobaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee nepat\u0159\u00ed k na\u0161im.&#8220; Grimaldi se  nezapojuje <i>aktivisticky<\/i> a nebur\u00e1c\u00ed za  n\u011bjakou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pravdu a jedno jedin\u00e9 v\u00fdchodisko. Neust\u00e1le pouze jako by  p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel nahlas. P\u0159esto lze vy\u010d\u00edst, kde se tedy m\u016f\u017ee nal\u00e9zat v\u00fdchodisko &#8211;  ur\u010dit\u00e1 nad\u011bje, jak oslabovat projevy nelidskosti. A v z\u00e1v\u011bru Grimaldi i p\u0159\u00edmo  \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: &#8222;Jde jen o to p\u0159iznat druh\u00fdm stejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo jako sob\u011b. Jejich styl  lidstv\u00ed ov\u0161em nen\u00ed stejn\u00fd, jako jsem si vybral j\u00e1, ale vybrali si ho podobn\u011b,  jako j\u00e1 jsem si vybral ten sv\u016fj. V tom jsme si podobn\u00ed &#8211; ne t\u00edm, co jsme si  zvolilii, ale \u017ee jsme si zvolili. Milovat sv\u00e9ho bli\u017en\u00edho tedy nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom,  \u017ee milujeme jeho volbu, ale \u017ee ji respektujeme.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>To jsem v\u0161ak zd\u016fraznil pouze ur\u010ditou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenkovou  v\u011btev knihy. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee jej\u00ed titul se jednodu\u0161e a prost\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/neoluxor.cz\/odborne-knihy\/nelidskost--194002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nelidskost<\/a>, o\u010dek\u00e1vali byste hlub\u0161\u00ed  hled\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din a r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f projev\u016f. A do\u010dk\u00e1te se. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017ee nejde o vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed  exkurzi, na 120 stran\u00e1ch Grimaldi zu\u017euje \u00favahy na pouze omezen\u00fd po\u010det  pr\u016fvodn\u00edch znak\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nich je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee &#8222;nelidskost se  nevyskytuje mimo lidstv\u00ed\u2026 pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak, nelidskost je jedn\u00edm z velice b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch  zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdm lid\u00e9 projevuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 lidstv\u00ed.&#8220; Ona banalita nem\u00e1 nelidskost  obhajovat a ani zleh\u010dovat, naopak jen podot\u00fdk\u00e1, jak b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed je.  Ostatn\u011b, Shakespeare ve sv\u00fdch dramatech obda\u0159il nelidskost\u00ed prakticky ka\u017edou  d\u016fle\u017eitou postavu. <\/p>\n<p>Grimaldi poukazuje na jeden ze z\u00e1sadn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, na strach,  je-li t\u0159eba zab\u00edt, abych nebyl zabit, ud\u011bl\u00e1m to. P\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je projevem  \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho sobectv\u00ed (strana 48) a jako takov\u00e9 nejen doprov\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017edou bitvu,  ale i na\u0161e jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel, jak podot\u00fdk\u00e1 autor, ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde ka\u017ed\u00fd vztahuje  v\u0161e na sebe, u\u017e neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n<p>Posledn\u00ed bod, kter\u00fd zde chci zd\u016fraznit, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \u00favah\u00e1ch nad  povahou a typologi\u00ed zla. <\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Empirick\u00e9 zlo jako by bylo d\u016fsledkem z\u00e1visti,  \u017e\u00e1rlivosti, z\u00e1\u0161ti, nen\u00e1visti, pomsty atd. Jakkoli m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hrozn\u00e9, nen\u00ed nic, co  by z\u00e1rove\u0148 bylo lid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Naopak bytostn\u00e9 zlo je z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nejhor\u0161\u00edch  ukrtunost\u00ed, ani\u017e je d\u016fsledkem \u010dehokoli. Jako by bylo samo sob\u011b vlastn\u00ed  p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou, jako by pouh\u00fd fakt, \u017ee je zlem, byl jedin\u00fdm d\u016fvodem jeho existence.  Takov\u00e1 je nelidkost.&#8220; (strana 34)<\/p>\n<p>Tezi dopl\u0148uje a o p\u00e1r stran pozd\u011bji se setk\u00e1me s &#8211; pro knihu  podstatnou citaci Prima Leviho: &#8222;Zr\u016fdy ov\u0161em existuj\u00ed, ale je jich p\u0159\u00edli\u0161  m\u00e1lo na to, aby byly opravdu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9,  ti \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci ochotn\u00ed v\u011b\u0159it a poslouchat bez odmluv, jako Eichmann, jako H\u00f6ss  (velitel Osv\u011btimi), jako Stangl (velitel Treblinky), jako o dvacet let pozd\u011bji  francouz\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, kdy\u017e zab\u00edjeli v Al\u017e\u00edrsku, a o t\u0159icet let pozd\u011bji ameri\u010dt\u00ed  voj\u00e1ci ve Vietnamu.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Nevesel\u00e1 esej Nicolase Grimaldiho nem\u00e1 jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 rozh\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed,  snad jen pokud mo\u017eno co nejv\u00edce v sob\u011b \u017eivit respekt k druh\u00fdm. A t\u0159eba si  zapamatovat, \u017ee &#8222;b\u00fdt \u010dlov\u011bkem znamen\u00e1 neust\u00e1le se sna\u017eit j\u00edm b\u00fdt.&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Hodnocen\u00ed: 85%<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>Autor: Luk\u00e1\u0161 Gregor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8222;Je-li tedy n\u011bco stejn\u011b star\u00e9ho jako lidstvo samo, je to jeho nelidskost.&#8220; uv\u00e1d\u00ed pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fd profesor filozofie Nicolas Grimaldi. Ve sv\u00e9 eseji vydan\u00e9 v edici Galileo (nakladatelstv\u00ed Academia) vych\u00e1z\u00ed z teze, \u017ee nelidskost je pevnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed a je vlastn\u011b a\u017e n\u011bco ban\u00e1ln\u00edho. A v tom pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u011bz\u00ed probl\u00e9m&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recenze"],"acf":{"related_products":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2258"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2258\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.luxor.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}